Anti-Valentines Day Quotes and Sayings

Against Valentine's Day Quotes and Sayings Love is on special. Check out you on Valentines Day. Each retailer is capitalizing on the Valentines Day carnival. Kitschy love cards, massive teddy bears, and generalized heart-molded inflatables fill the air. The main ones snickering, their way to the banks, are the ones who couldn't care less about the warm inclination called love. They just think about cool, hard, money. Appreciate these enemies of Valentines Day adages and fake the world on Valentines Day. W. Somerset Maugham, A Writers Notebook Love is just a filthy stunt played on us to accomplish continuation of the species. Jay Leno Today is Valentines Day. Or on the other hand, as men like to call it, coercion day. Josã © Ortega y Gasset We become hopelessly enamored when our creative mind ventures nonexistent flawlessness upon someone else. At some point, the dream vanishes and with it, love passes on. Love is selectiveness, determination. Bonnie Raitt I cannot make you love me, on the off chance that you dont. J. Geils Band Love smells. Laurell K. Hamilton Love sucks. Here and there it feels better. Once in a while its simply one more approach to drain. William Shakespeare The course of genuine affection never ran smooth Mother Teresa There is an awful yearn for affection. We as a whole encounter that in our lives-the torment, the forlornness. We should have the fearlessness to remember it. Lauren Hammond You, my dear, are an animal of the night, you are a vampire.

Personal Vision of Ministry

Individual Vision of Ministry Statement â€Å"Creative, loving, and inspired ministry that loosens the weights of religion, andâ leadsâ people to aâ lifetime,â obedient relationship with our Lord Jesus Christ. † Each word in thatâ visionâ statement is noteworthy to me and portrays my profound being to this point. Creativityâ is essential to me, not on the grounds that promoting or me being somewhat innovative, but since from the earliest starting point, our God was an imaginative God; I don’t accept there is any roomâ forâ becoming stale in Christianity.Love is the focal topic of the Bible, and it is the most significant of the Great Commandment’s. It is just through day by day accommodation thatâ inspirationâ will come, and it is just through motivation and declaration that I discover the solidarity to do God’s work. There areâ two â€Å"R† wordsâ that are particular when sharing ministry: Religion and Relationshi p. They are not the equivalent. Religion: being the confidence in and love of an individual God or Gods Details of conviction as instructed or discussed.Relationship: the manner by which at least two ideas, articles, or individuals are associated, or the condition associated. Model being Jesus Christ associated as our own Lord and Savior. So this would be my own service of how I am to share Christ Jesus Love. To have the option to instruct, and lead others to Christ through sacred text. As a congregation youth serve, I ought to be one that is associated with today’s youth. An adolescent clergyman should lead kids, in their profound development as well as their self-improvement as well.A youth serve needs to have incredible initiative characteristics and have a lot of understanding and declaration so as to impart to the youngsters. I should have the option to prepare and empower others inside the congregation. I will be discipline, self-propelled, sorted out, and profoundly de velop. This is the reason I trust AME will assist me with promoting Gods service, and addition more information on what god's identity is. Sacred writing says Lots regarding information all through the book of scriptures. One of my preferred refrains clarifying Gods sovereign information is in Proverbs.Proverbs 3:1-35: My child, remember my educating, yet let your heart keep my instructions, for length of days and long stretches of life and harmony they will add to you. Allow not ardent to love and steadfastness for purpose you; tie them around your neck; keep in touch with them on the tablet of your heart. So you will discover favor and great achievement in seeing God and man. Trust in the Lordâ with everything that is in you, and don't incline toward your own comprehension. | May God use me to achieve His motivations.

The Shifts in Power Within Brian Friels Translations

The Shifts in Power Within Brian Friels Translations Question: Discuss the different movements of intensity inside Friel's Translations and assess their significance.Enjoy :)The movements in power and the contention which this causes are essential parts of Brian Friel's Translations, and this contention can be seen, and is brought about by, the social, semantic and ideological contrasts between characters, specific the English and Irish. Most likely the essential explanation behind this contention is the proceeded with debilitation of the Irish, which develops increasingly obvious as the play advances, and can be connected to the straightforward demonstration of mapping the Irish open country, which not just goes about as a methods for estimating Ireland, yet in addition changing the way of life of its occupants. I accept that Friel purposely utilized this gadget in Translations to upgrade the dramatization, and significance, of his work, and this has been successfully done in Translations.The history of the Irish individuals, similar to that of numerous around the globe, is an account of consistent victory and debilitation by outside forces.English: Various Irish whiskies. Picture by Cafeir...From the Romans intrusions to that of the English, this dominion has affected on the way of life and life of the Irish, yet none has had the option to completely absorb their lifestyle. Indeed, even the colonization of the English, which has been set up for more than 400 years, has not had the option to completely accomplish authority over the Irish culture, because of the wild obstruction of the vanquished individuals. This social contrast between the English and the Irish is the essential wellspring of contention in Brian Friel's Translations, and this can be seen from multiple points of view. Right off the bat, we consider the To be as the previous; a stale, fossilized society who are reluctant to change to the new ways, while the English are the future, in that they are seen as new and continually developing. A striking model which maintains...

buy custom Delta Air Lines essay

purchase custom Delta Air Lines paper Streak Streak is a cross-stage medium and is good and all around upheld by around 95-98% of internet browsers in the marketso if Delta fuses Flash on its site, it will be guaranteed the substance will be seen effectively by a client whose program has the Flash module, yet free on working framework and program. This captivating mechanical medium will add intuitiveness and gaudy illustrations to Deltas site. For example, Delta can utilize it to make captivating 2D movements, which are additionally simple to see. Delta can utilize Flash to introduce data in a manner plain composed words alone can't do, remembering that video functions admirably in Flash applications on the program in any case the OS programming, for example, Media Player. Streak interface has supplanted the customary non-static components on website page with ones that enthusiastic cooperate with clients. Streak on Delta Air Lines can make the interface additionally retaining and indulgingwhen utilized in making booking struct ures and cost adding machines, which is consistently a decent advertising apparatus that is probably going to upgrade deals. Sound With the assistance of rapid web, sound has turned a geat advertising apparatus that inevitably expands deals. With sound on Delta site, guests will the experience of a mix of visual and intuitiveness, (for example, the one offered by Flash), consequently making a noteworthy site. The vast majority can play gushing sound, which means sound on sites is definitely not a confused medium. Guests will think that its an animating change to tune in to a voice of all the content they read. By fusing sound, Delta will make its site remarkable and critical, henceforth alluring and with odds of expanding deals. Individuals are bound to review what they tune in to than what they read. Late inquires about built up that only 20% of people review what they read analyzed 70% recollect what they hear. By consolidating sound Delta will permit itself threefold all the more a stick factor to its site guests. Fortunately, with sound, there are no restrictions to what Delta can let its site guests tune in to. For example, Delta could feature its clients rousing input and tributes, a training that has a ton of potential in expanding deals. Video Delta can likewise consider utilizing Videovideos are probably the best technique for passing aalong messages to crowds. Truth be told, it is a lot simpler to take in visual pictures than read writings. In a large portion of the occasions, the visual effect produced by recordings can be utilized in an inventive way to loosen up and beguile the psychological symbolism of a various crowd. Video is the best decision for straightforward and persuading interchanges. Individuals get a passionate association all the more excitedly with sound and moving pictures in recordings than other media. To be sure, the crowd can feel nearer to reality through video. Attributable to its inclination, video medium can be exceptionally flexible in style and tone used to communicate different messages. A specific video in itself can be incredible, with notorious designs slice to captivating music to establish the pace of an item. Delta can likewise utilize video embed contemporary narratives on its site to grandstand its training or activity. A decent video must be went with the correct help material, which will make it among the best methods for connecting with a worldwide crowd over the clock. Be that as it may, any related mix-up can make a decent video a bungle, for example, a poor video player or poor goals. In any case, recordings can possibly build deals for Delta dependent on all the examined highlights. Purchase custom Delta Air Lines article

Evolutionary Psychology Short

Transformative Psychology Short Buss thought of a hypothesis that planned for settling a relevant transformative issue, which is identified with mating methodologies among people. The investigation built up that the two people have advanced some mental frameworks that portray both short and long haul methodologies. His investigation uncovered that people will in general determination transient mating issues instead of long-term.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Evolutionary Psychology: Short-term Mating in Men explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More various researcher contrast on the job of methodology in mating, with some proposing that it underpins it is typically objective arranged while others accepting that it is comprised of a power past an individual’s control. For certain researchers, for example, Freud and Jung, their view was that people look for in their mates includes that take after the attributes of their other gender guardians. For certain researchers, for example, Winch, an individual searches for a band together with a trademark that oneself doesn't have. At the end of the day, the individual is keen on integrally whereby the characteristics of the accomplice would reinforce their character. In light of this, the facts confirm that mating in people is constantly vital, which is impacted by an individual’s decision and inclination. Studies show that men have constantly sought after transient mating, especially when the advantages of propagation exceed the expenses of keeping up such a relationship. Due to certain contrasts among people, men would will in general go for momentary mating instead of ladies. Some social, social, and innovative improvements in the western world have formed the mating framework among men. Social issues, for example, conceptive chances, have affected the advancement of momentary mating among men in the western social orders. Ladies need to explain issues identified with adjustment before takin g part in momentary mating while men have the capacity of adjusting quicker, allowing them a chance to adapt better. This is a social issue since the general public places ladies in a second rate position and they need to comprehend the conduct of any man before participating in a genuine relationship, in any case alluded to as long haul mating. With some social turns of events, the issue of accomplice number has been of incredible worry to men in the western social orders, which influences transient mating. Having such a large number of ladies is blurring ceaselessly, with social turns of events. In the conventional society, a man would draw in a few ladies in a relationship, however the present western culture doesn't open minded polygamy. The issue of availability to sex is another innovative advancement that impacts momentary mating among men. As a man relates with a lady, he investigates the most ideal routes through which sex could be gotten to (Buss, 2012).Advertising Looking for basic composition on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the overall conditions, transient mating is increasingly versatile for men undoubtedly. Thusly, propagation isn't the manner in which it used to be on the grounds that numerous components are considered before investing in a relationship. Men attempt however much as could be expected to limit expenses and dangers as they endeavor to decrease duty. Men are not, at this point keen on genuine duties that would devour their time. Momentary mating offers an option in contrast to men who are keen on riches gathering through business. On their side, ladies are keen on framing connections that would assist them with separating assets, the issue of quality, and development of long haul connections. These are a portion of the things that transient mating in men attempts to determine, as it spares men from superfluous use. Reference Buss, D. (2012). Dev elopmental Psychology: The New Science of the Mind. New York: Pearson.

The Management Theory of Max Weber

The Management Theory of Max Weber Bur??u?r??? i? a way ?f administratively ?rg?nizing l?rg? numb?r? ?f ????l? wh? n??d to w?rk t?g?th?r.Organizations in th? ?ubli? ?nd ?riv?t? ???t?r, in?luding universities ?nd g?v?rnm?nt?, r?l? ?n bureaucracies t? function.The term bureaucracy lit?r?ll? m??n? “rul? by d??k? or offices,” a definition that highlights th? ?ft?n impersonal ?h?r??t?r ?f bur??u?r??i??.Ev?n though bur??u?r??i?? sometimes ???m in?ffi?i?nt or w??t?ful, ??tting up a bureaucracy h?l?? ensure th?t thousands ?f ????l? w?rk together in compatible ways by d?fining ?v?r??n?’? r?l?? within a hierarchy.WHAT BUREAUCRATS DOG?v?rnm?nt bur??u?r?t? perform a wid? variety ?f tasks.We often think ?f bur??u?r?t? as ????r-?u?hing d??k ?l?rk?, but bureaucrats fight fires, t???h, ?nd monitor how f?d?r?l candidates r?i?? money, ?m?ng ?th?r ??tiviti??.The j?b of a bureaucrat i? t? implement g?v?rnm?nt ??li??, t? t?k? th? l?w? ?nd d??i?i?n? m?d? by ?l??t?d ?ffi?i?l? ?nd put th?m int? practice.S?m? bureaucrats im?l?m?nt ??li? ? by writing rules and r?gul?ti?n?, wh?r??? ?th?r? ?dmini?t?r ??li?i?? directly t? ????l? (?u?h ?? di?tributing ?m?ll bu?in??? l??n? ?r tr??ting patients at a veterans’ h???it?l).Th? t??k ?f running the government, and ?r?viding ??rvi??? thr?ugh ??li?? im?l?m?nt?ti?n, i? ??ll?d ?ubli? ?dmini?tr?ti?n.BUREAUCRATIC FUNCTIONS Th? t?rm bur??u?r??? is ?ft?n u??d in a negative ??n?? (?.g. r?d t???, ?ffi?i?ld?m).H?w?v?r, it r?f?r? t? a specific f?rm ?f ?rg?niz?ti?n with certain ?h?r??t?ri?ti??.The concept ?f bur??u?r??? and bureaucratic organization w?? first put f?rw?rd ???t?m?ti??ll? b? th? G?rm?n ???d?mi? and ???i?li?t, M?x W?b?r (1864-1920).He ?r???und?d th? bur??u?r?ti? theory ?f ?rg?niz?ti?n as th? m??t d?min?nt ?nd a univ?r??l model of organization th?t exists t? a greater ?xt?nt in b?th ?riv?t? ?nd ?ubli? sectors even t?d??.W?b?r w?? born in G?rm?n? in 1864 ?nd gr?w u? during th? tim? when indu?tri?liz?ti?n w?? tr?n?f?rming g?v?rnm?nt, business, ?nd ???i?t?.Weber w?? int?r??t?d in indu?tri?l???it?li?m, ?n economic ???t?m wh?r? indu?tr? i? ?riv?t?l? controlled ?nd ???r?t?d f?r ?r?fit. W?b?r w?nt?d to kn?w wh? indu?tri?l capitalism w?? ?u?????ful in some ??untri?? ?nd n?t in ?th?r?.H? b?li?v?d that large-scale ?rg?niz?ti?n? ?u?h ?? f??t?ri?? ?nd government d???rtm?nt? w?r? a ?h?r??t?ri?ti? of ???it?li?t ???n?mi??.W?b?r vi?it?d th? Unit?d States in 1904 t? study th? U.S. ???n?m?.It was h?r? th?t h? ?b??rv?d the spirit ?f capitalism.H? n?t?d that ???it?li?m in th? United St?t?? ?n??ur?g?d ??m??titi?n ?nd inn?v?ti?n.H? also realized th?t bu?in????? w?r? run b? ?r?f???i?n?l managers ?nd th?t th?? were link?d thr?ugh ???n?mi? r?l?ti?n?hi??.H? ??ntr??t?d thi? with ???it?li?ti? ?r??ti??? in G?rm?n? wh?r? a small group ?f powerful ????l? ??ntr?ll?d the ???n?m?.In Germany, tr?diti?n di?t?t?d b?h?vi?ur?. P???l? were given positions of authority based ?n their ???i?l standing ?nd ??nn??ti?n?, ?nd bu?in????? w?r? link?d by f?mil? ?nd social r?l?ti?n?hi??.W?b?r w?? ??n??rn ?d th?t ?uth?rit? w?? n?t a fun?ti?n ?f ?x??ri?n?? ?nd ability, but w?n b? ???i?l ?t?tu?.B???u?? ?f thi?, m?n?g?r? w?r? n?t l???l t? the ?rg?niz?ti?n.Org?niz?ti?n?l resources w?r? u??d f?r the benefit ?f owners and m?n?g?r? r?th?r th?n to m??t ?rg?niz?ti?n?l g??l?.W?b?r w?? ??nvin??d that organizations based ?n r?ti?n?l ?uth?rit?, wh?r? authority w?? giv?n t? the most ??m??t?nt and qu?lifi?d ????l?, w?uld be m?r? efficient th?n th??? based ?n wh? you knew.W?b?r called this t??? ?f r?ti?n?l ?rg?niz?ti?n a bur??u?r???.In his ?n?l??i? ?f ???i?l ???t?m?, h? identified that ???h social ???t?m was m?int?in?d b? th? interaction ?f thr?? r?l?t?d concepts: ??w?r, authority and l?gitim???.P?W?R: It i? exercised by ???r?i?n. P?w?r ?n?bl?? one person or a ruler t? u?? f?r?? ?v?r ?n?th?r.AUTH?RIT?: it has a ???t?m of b?li?f? that gives th? rul?r ?r a person th? right t? i??u? th? ?rd?r and gives th? f?ll?w?r? the duty t? ?b?? it with?ut questioning. Auth?rit? implies acceptance ?f rul? b? those ?v?r wh?m it i? t? b? ?x?r?i??d.LEGITIMACY: If individuals in a ???i?t? or in an ?rg?niz?ti?n m?m?riz? th?t th? ??w?r held b? th? rul?r i? right ?nd acceptable, it legitimizes th? exercise ?f ?uth?rit?.W?b?r ??ught t? id?ntif? th? r????n? wh? individu?l? act in ??rt?in ways in an organization ?nd wh? they ?b?? th??? in ?uth?rit? ?v?r th?m.H? f?und th?t ????l? obey th??? in authority b???u?? ?f the influ?n?? ?f thr?? t???? of l?gitim?t? ?uth?rit?.In ?th?r w?rd?, W?b?r id?ntifi?d ?nd described thr?? t???? of ?uth?rit? structures ?nd th? ???t?m of b?li?f b? which ?n? ?uth?rit? is l?gitim?t?d.TR?DITI?N?L ?UTH?RIT?: tr?diti?n?l ?uth?rit? r??t? ?n th? beliefs, traditions ?nd ?u?t?m?. Individu?l? ?b?? th? ?uth?rit? because ?f th?ir tr?diti?n? ?r ?u?t?m?. A ??r??n ?nj??? personal authority b? virtu? ?f their inh?rit?d / inborn ?t?tu?. Simil?rl?, individuals ?b?? th? ?uth?rit? b???u?? of th?ir f?ith, tr?diti?n ?nd ?u?t?m related to th? ??r??n. Admini?tr?tiv? ????r?tu? in thi? kind of ?uth?ri t? consists ?f th? ??r??n?l relatives, favourites, ?nd servants.CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY: Thi? t??? ?f ?uth?rit? i? l?gitim?t?d ?n th? b?li?f th?t authority h?? ??m? kind ?f magical or gift?d ??w?r. L?gitim??? in authority arises from l???lt? t?, ??nfid?n?? in ?nd ??r??n?l ?u?liti?? of th? ??r??n/rul?r. Admini?tr?tiv? ????r?tu? ?r ?uth?rit? ?tru?tur? in thi? type ?f ?uth?rit? is v?r? loose ?nd unstable ?nd consists ?f faithful f?ll?w?r?.RATIONAL-LEGAL ?UTH?RIT?: Rational l?g?l ?uth?rit? i? n?t owed t? anyone personally rather r??t? ?n th? r?ti?n?ll? enacted l?w?, rul?? ?nd r?gul?ti?n? that specify the rul?? th?t individuals ?h?uld ?b??. Th? authority arises because ?f th? ?ffi?? or position ?f the ??r??n in authority. Th? person in ?uth?rit? i? b?und?d/ r??tri?t?d b? th? rul??, regulations ?nd procedures ?f th? organization. Sub?rdin?t?? ?b?? th? ?uth?rit? ?f ?u??ri?r b???u?? the ?u??ri?r h?? l?g?l ?uth?rit?.F??TUR?? ?F W?B?R’? BUREAUCRACY W?b?r has giv?n a number of f??tur?? ?f bure aucracy.The f?ll?wing f??tur?? ?ugg??t th? characteristics ?f bur??u?r?ti? ?rg?ni??ti?n? ?? d?fin?d b? W?b?r.Selection Based on QualificationsOffi?i?l? ?r? recruited based ?n qu?lifi??ti?n?, and are appointed, n?t elected, t? th? office. People ?r? compensated with a ??l?r?, and ?r? n?t ??m??n??t?d with b?n?fit? such as rights to l?nd, power ?t?.A bureaucracy i? founded ?n rational-legal authority.This t??? ?f authority rests on the b?li?f in th? l?g?lit? of f?rm?l rul?? ?nd hi?r?r?hi??, ?nd in th? right ?f those ?l?v?t?d in th? hi?r?r?h? t? ??????? ?uth?rit? and issue commands.Auth?rit? i? giv?n to officials b???d on their skills, position and authority placed f?rm?ll? in each position.Thi? ?h?uld di??l??? ??rli?r t???? administrative ???t?m?, where ?uth?rit? w?? l?gitimiz?d b???d ?n ?th?r, ?nd m?r? individu?l, ?????t? ?f ?uth?rit? like wealth, ???iti?n, ownership, h?rit?g? etc.HierarchyA hi?r?r?h? with assignments fl?wing downward ?nd accountability fl?wing u?w?rd.Th? ?rg?niz?ti?n is divid?d int? ?l??r-?ut l?v?l?.E??h level ???ign? r????n?ibiliti?? t? th? l?v?l b?n??th it, whil? each lower level is accountable to th? l?v?l ?b?v? f?r fulfilling those ???ignm?nt?.Hierarchy i? a system ?f r?nking v?ri?u? ???iti?n? in d????nding scale from t?? t? bottom ?f the ?rg?ni??ti?n. In bur??u?r?ti? organization, ?ffi??? also f?ll?w th? ?rin?i?l? of hierarchy i.e., each l?w?r ?ffi?? is subject t? ??ntr?l ?nd ?u??rvi?i?n b? high?r ?ffi??.Thu?, n? ?ffi?? is l?ft un??ntr?ll?d in th? organization.This i? the fund?m?nt?l ??n???t of hi?r?r?h? in bur??u?r?ti? ?rg?ni??ti?n. Thi? hi?r?r?h? serves ?? lin?? ?f ??mmuni??ti?n ?nd d?l?g?ti?n ?f ?uth?rit?. It im?li?? that ??mmuni??ti?n ??ming d?wn ?r g?ing u? mu?t pass thr?ugh each ???iti?n.Simil?rl?, a subordinate will get ?uth?rit? from his imm?di?t? ?u??ri?r. H?w?v?r, thi? hi?r?r?h? i? n?t unit?r? but sub-pyramids of ?ffi?i?l? within th? l?rg? organization ??rr????nding ?t?. functional divisions exist.Thu?, th?r? ?r? offices with th? same amount ?f ?uth?rit? but with diff?r?nt kind? of functions ???r?ting in diff?r?nt ?r??? ?f ??m??t?n??.For ?x?m?l?, the G?v?rnm?nt organizations, w? ??n ?b??rv? separate offices l??king ?ft?r particular functions. Thi? h????n? in business organizations too.Division of WorkE??h member ?f a bureaucracy has a ????ifi? t??k t? fulfil, ?nd all ?f th? t??k? ?r? th?n ???rdin?t?d t? ????m?li?h th? purpose ?f the ?rg?niz?ti?n.In a ??ll?g?, f?r ?x?m?l?, a t???h?r does n?t run th? h??ting ???t?m, th? ?r??id?nt does n?t teach, ?nd a ???r?t?r? d??? not ?v?lu?t? t?xtb??k?.Th??? t??k? ?r? di?tribut?d ?m?ng ????l? wh? have been trained to d? th?m.W?rk of th? ?rg?ni??ti?n is divid?d on the b??i? ?f ????i?li??ti?n t? take th? ?dv?nt?g?? of division of labour. E??h ?ffi?? in th? bureaucratic ?rg?ni??ti?n has ????ifi? ??h?r? of ??m??t?n??.Thi? inv?lv??:A sphere ?f ?blig?ti?n? t? ??rf?rm fun?ti?n? which has b??n marked ?ff as part ?f a ???t?m?ti? divi?i?n of labour;Th? ?r?vi?i?n ?f the incumbent wit h n??????r? ?uth?rit? t? ??rr? out th??? functions; ?ndTh? n??????r? m??n? ?f ??m?ul?i?n ?r? clearly defined and th?ir u?? is ?ubj??t t? d?finit? ??nditi?n?.Thu?, divi?i?n ?f l?b?ur try t? ?n?ur? th?t ???h ?ffi?? h?? a ?l??rl?-d?fin?d ?r?? ?f ??m??t?n?? within th? organization and ???h ?ffi?i?l kn?w? th? ?r??? in which h? ???r?t?? ?nd th? areas in which h? mu?t ?b?t?in fr?m action ?? that he does not overstep th? boundary b?tw??n his role ?nd th??? of ?th?r?.Further, divi?i?n ?f l?b?ur also tri?? to ?n?ur? th?t no work i? l?ft un??v?r?d.Official RulesA b??i? ?nd most ?m?h??i??d f??tur? ?f bur??u?r?ti? organization i? th?t ?dmini?tr?tiv? ?r????? is ??ntinu?u? ?nd g?v?rn?d b? ?ffi?i?l rules.In th?ir attempt t? b???m? ?ffi?i?nt, bureaucracies stress writt?n ?r???dur??.In general, the l?ng?r a bureaucracy ?xi?t? ?nd th? l?rg?r it gr?w?, the more writt?n rules it h??.The rul?? of ??m? bur??u?r??i?? ??v?r just ?b?ut every im?gin?bl? situationa r?ti?n?l ???r???h to organization calls for a ???t?m ?f m?int?ining rules t? ?n?ur? twin r?quir?m?nt? ?f unif?rmit? ?nd ???rdin?ti?n ?f ?ff?rt? by individu?l members in the ?rg?ni??ti?n.Th??? rul?? are m?r? ?r less stable and more ?r l??? ?xh?u?tiv?. Wh?n there i? n? rule ?n ?n? ?????t ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n?l ???r?ti?n, the m?tt?r i? r?f?rr?d u?w?rd f?r d??i?i?n which ?ub???u?ntl? becomes precedent f?r futur? decision ?n th? ?imil?r m?tt?r.Rul?? provide th? b?n?fit? of stability, ??ntinuit?, and ?r?di?t?bilit? and ???h ?ffi?i?l knows ?r??i??l? the ?ut??m? of hi? behaviour in a ??rti?ul?r m?tt?r.Standard ???r?ting procedure, ?l?? ??ll?d formalized rul??, SOP informs w?rk?r? about how t? h?ndl? t??k? ?nd ?itu?ti?n?.Everybody ?lw??? follows the ??m? procedures t? increase efficiency and ?r?di?t?bilit? ?? that the ?rg?niz?ti?n will ?r?du?? ?imil?r results in ?imil?r circumstances.Standard operating ?r???dur? ??n ??m?tim?? make bur??u?r??? m?v? ?l?wl? because n?w procedures mu?t b? developed as ?ir?um?t?n??? ?h?ng?Impersonal Relationship sA n?t?bl? feature ?f bureaucracy is th?t relationships ?m?ng individu?l? ?r? g?v?rn?d through th? ???t?m ?f ?ffi?i?l ?uth?rit? ?nd rules.Offi?i?l positions ?r? free fr?m ??r??n?l involvement, emotions and ??ntim?nt?. Thus, d??i?i?n? ?r? g?v?rn?d by r?ti?n?l factors r?th?r th?n ??r??n?l factors.Thi? im??r??n?lit? ??n???t i? used in dealing with organizational r?l?ti?n? as w?ll as r?l?ti?n? b?tw??n the organization ?nd ?ut?id?r?.Official RecordBureaucratic ?rg?ni??ti?n i? characterised by m?int?n?n?? ?f ?r???r ?ffi?i?l r???rd?.The decisions ?nd ??tiviti?? of th? organization ?r? f?rm?ll? r???rd?d ?nd ?r???rv?d f?r futur? r?f?r?n??.Thi? is made ????ibl? b? ?xt?n?iv? u?? ?f filling system in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.An official record i? almost regarded as ?n?n???l????di? ?f various ??tiviti?? ??rf?rm?d b? th? ????l? in th? organization.ADVANTAGES OF BUREAUCRACYW?b?r’? id??l bur??u?r??? h?? been designed to bring r?ti?n?lit? ?nd ?r?di?t?bilit? of b?h?vi?ur in ?rg?ni??ti?n? and b???u?? of it? ?h?r??t?ri?ti? features it ??ntribut?? t? the ?ffi?i?n?? in ???r?ti?n?.Weber treats bureaucracy ?? a ?u??ri?r f?rm ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n b???u?? it embodies th? v?lu?? ?f precision ?ffi?i?n??, ?bj??tivit?, unit?, discipline ?nd the like.Bur??u?r??? in Weber’s ??ini?n i? ?n administration d?vi?? that h?l?? in ??hi?ving th? following:SpecializationIt ?r?vid?? the ?dv?nt?g?? of specialization b???u?? every member i? assigned a specialized t??k t? perform. It l??d? t? ?ffi?i?n?? in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.S???i?li??ti?n leads to ?im?lifi??ti?n and ?tr??mlining diff?r?nt t??k? in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.B? ?n?uring that th? right m?n i? fitt?d t? th? right j?b, ????i?li??ti?n tends to ?r?m?t? efficiency ?nd discipline in j?b ??rf?rm?n??.Reduction in AmbiguityThe well-defined framework ?f rules and regulations r?du??? th? ?mbiguit? and ?nxi?t? ?m?ng ????l? ?? ?n? b?h?v?? in a required m?nn?r.Th? r???ti?n? under diff?r?nt situations ?r? w?ll known in ?dv?n?? ?? guid?lin?? ?xi?t in writing.Assurance of Impa rtialityC?nf?rmit? to rules ?nd regulations reduces th? n??d f?r di??r?ti?n t? th? minimum l?v?l and ?r?t??t? th? rights and r????n?ibiliti?? ?f employees fr?m b?ing tr??t?d ?rbitr?ril?.The ???t?m of im??r??n?l r?l?ti?n?hi?? in ?rg?ni??ti?n? i? to ?n?ur? impartial and ?bj??tiv? handling ?f ????l? ?nd ?v?nt?.SstructureA ?tru?tur? i? created f?r ??rf?rming th? duti?? ?nd r????n?ibilit?.It ??t? th? fr?m?w?rk f?r the functioning ?f the ?rg?niz?ti?n. People ?r? given t??k? ????rding to their ??m??t?n??.Th?r? i? a proper d?l?g?ti?n of ?uth?rit? in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.Hierarchy Facilitates OrganizationHierarchy h?l?? in the ?ffi?i?nt ??rf?rm?n?? ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n?l fun?ti?n? b? f??ilit?ting ??mmuni??ti?n, control and ???rdin?ti?nRationality and ConsistencyA measure ?f objectivity is ?n?ur?d b? ?r???ribing in ?dv?n?? th? ?rit?ri? f?r decision m?king in routine ?itu?ti?n?.The d??i?i?n? are t?k?n as per th? l?w?, rules, ?nd r?gul?ti?n?.Th?? do n?t g? b? th?ir whim?, ?m?ti?n?, ?r ?r?judi???. Th? b? h?vi?ur ?f the ?m?l????? i? rational and predictable.B???u?? ?f the d?fin?d rules and r?gul?ti?n?, ?ll ??ti?n? ?r? t?k?n ??r?full?.Th?r? is ??n?i?t?n?? in actions. Th? j?b performance i? r?gul?t?d.ProfessionalizationThe qu?lifi??ti?n? and ??m??t?n?? ?f th? ??r??n? f?r ?m?l??m?nt in different jobs ?r?m?t? ?r?f???i?n?li?m.DemocracyEm?h??i? on qu?lifi??ti?n? ?nd t??hni??l ??m??t?n?? m?k? th? organization m?r? d?m??r?ti?.LIMITATIONS OF BUREAUCRACYThi? kind ?f id??l, im??r??n?l and ?bj??tiv? form ?f m?n?g?m?nt emerged in l?t? 1800s as a r??ult of M?x W?b?r’? disliking ?f m?n? Eur????n ?rg?niz?ti?n? whi?h were being organized and managed ?n a “??r??n?l” f?mil?-lik? b??i?.The ?m?l????? w?r? ??mmitt?d t? individu?l ?u??rvi??r? rather than the organization.He believed th?t it i? im??rt?nt that organizations are m?n?g?d im??r??n?ll? within a formal ?rg?niz?ti?n?l structure, wh?r? specific rules are f?ll?w?d.H? thought th?t ?uth?rit? is n?t based on a ??r??n? ??r??n?lit? but something th ?t i? ??rt ?f a ??r??n? j?b. It ?h?uld b? ?????d on fr?m individu?l to individual ?? ?n? ??r??n l??v?? ?nd ?n?th?r t?k?? ?v?r.But ?v?r a period ?f tim? the in??n?i?t?n?i?? developed in this kind ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n.Rigidity of RulesRul?? and r?gul?ti?n? in a bureaucracy ?r? ?ft?n rigid ?nd infl?xibl?.Rigid ?nd ?tri?t ??m?li?n?? ?f rul?? and regulations di???ur?g?? individu?l initi?tiv? ?nd ?r??tivit? ?nd hinders th? personality d?v?l??m?nt.Also m?tur? people h?v? th?ir ?wn g??l? and needs whi?h m?? go ?g?in?t th? ?rg?ni??ti?n?l g??l? and create ??nfli?t. The bureaucratic ?rg?ni??ti?n does n?t giv? any ??r ?r importance t? th? individu?l goals.Departmentalize or Empire BuildingBureaucracy ?n??ur?g?? th? ?vil w?rk ?f government int? a numb?r ?f isolated ?nd ??lf-d???nd?nt ???ti?n? ???h ?ur?uing it? ?wn needs without ?n? ?d?qu?t? ??rr?l?ti?n with th? r??t.Bureaucracy Loves Tradition and Stands for ConservatismD?v?l??? a negative ????h?l?g? that br??d? non-transparency ?nd stoppage to inf?r m?ti?n.Non Recognition of Informal GroupsThe bureaucratic ?rg?ni??ti?n r???gni??? ?nl? the f?rm?l authority and thus d??? n?t giv? ?n? importance t? the existence ?f interpersonal r?l?ti?n? ?nd informal ?rg?ni??ti?n within th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.ImpersonalityOrg?niz?ti?n?l rul?? ?nd regulations are given more ?ri?rit? ?v?r individual n??d? ?nd ?m?ti?n?. Th?r? i? a lack ?f personal touch.Non Innovative in NatureInn?v?ti?n? are di???ur?g?d in ?u?h organizations since ???h employee w?rk? in w?ll-d?fin?d ?r?di?t?bl? mannerPaper WorkIt inv?lv?? a l?t ?f ????r work ?? ?v?r? decision mu?t b? put in writing. It is very diffi?ult t? maintain ?ll ????r? safely. Thu?, th? v?r? foundation ?f ?u?h organization comes ?t ?t?k?.Unhealthy PracticesTh? rigid ?nd ?tr?ng ?dh?r?n?? ?f rul?? binds th? ????l? t? f?ll?w rul?? ?nd r?gul?ti?n?. The people start following th? ?rin?i?l? of “????l? f?r rul??” and n?t “rul?? f?r people”.People start f?ll?wing th? rul?? in l?tt?r and n?t in ??irit.Thu? in?t??d of ?r?viding guid?n??, rul?? b???m? th? source ?f in?ffi?i?n??. Th? rul?? ?r? misused ?nd misinterpreted b? th? ????l? wh? are concerned with im?l?m?nt?ti?n.Non EffectiveTh? bur??u?r?ti? ?rg?ni??ti?n i? not ?ff??tiv? in turbul?nt ?nvir?nm?nt?. It cannot und?rg? the change d?m?nd?d by the f??t changing ?nvir?nm?nt.Sin?? everything i? ?r?-d?fin?d and well d?fin?d. Th? turbul?nt environment ?f future could n?t h?v? b??n writt?n w?ll in ?dv?n??.Hampers CommunicationTh? bur??u?r?ti? organizations u?u?ll? have ??v?r?l l???r? of ?uth?rit?.These layers h?m??r ??mmuni??ti?n. It may t?k? l?ng tim? t? r???h fr?m top level to l?w??t level.And ??m?tim?? th? ??mmuni??ti?n m?? even l???? it? ??n?tit? b?f?r? it reaches ?t the l?w??t l?v?l.Red TapeBur??u?r?ti? ?r???dur?? involve unn??????r? delay whi?h l??d? to fru?tr?ti?n in the ??rf?rm?n?? of t??k.COMPATIBILITY OF WEBERS PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT IN TODAYS WORLDBur??u?r?ti? ?rg?niz?ti?n i? a v?r? rigid type of ?rg?niz?ti?n.Th?? ?r? b?und b? rigid c ontrols and ??nt find themselves adaptable to changing conditions in th? m?rk?t?l???, indu?tr? ?r l?g?l ?nvir?nm?nt.Vodafone UK’s Approach to Flexibility ProductivityL??king ?t th? bu?in??? wh?n I ?rriv?d, I realised th?t whil? Vodafone UK? ?r?du?t? ?nd ??rvi??? r?m?in?d inn?v?tiv? ?nd ??m??titiv?, its ??r??r?t? ?ultur? w?? t?? rigid f?r th? f??t-????d m?rk?t ?nd t?? ?ut??r?ti? t? ?ttr??t the best n?w t?l?nt. Gu? Laurence, CEO Vodafone UK.Vodafone UK idea w?? th?t if th? company ?x???t? it? customers t? bu? it? ?r?du?t?, it ?h?uld ?l?? be willing t? use th??? ?r?du?t?.V?d?f?n? UK r?f?rm?d their organization b? bringing a change in their workplace, ?nd ?h?ng? in th?ir w?rk ?nvir?nm?nt lik? no assigned ?ffi??? ?r d??k?, n? t?th?r?d ?h?n?? or computers, a v?ri?t? ?f purpose-built m??ting ??????, a t?ugh ?l??n desk and l?t? ?f ??ff??.Th? results w?r? imm?di?t? and int?n??: high r?v?nu? growth ?nd corporate ??luti?n?.The US Invasion on IraqWebers ?uth?rit? t???? help t? ?x?l?in th? US invading Ir?q in M?r?h 2003. It w?? th? charismatic ?uth?rit?, ??r??nifi?d b? US President G??rg? W. Bu?h whi?h l??d t? thi? invasion.H? w?? able t? influ?n?? th? American ???ul??? for the urg?n?? to ?tt??k Ir?q.It is ?l?? said th?t, a majority ?f Am?ri??n? w?r? ?ff??tiv?l? influenced by Bu?h in wh?t?v?r he did. Th?ugh there w?? a ??nfli?ti?n in l?g?l authority internationally, ?? Bush did n?t respect int?rn?ti?n?l l?w? ?nd th? UN b? ?u?h ?n illegal ??t.Ev?n though thi? inv??i?n w?? ill?g?l, th? int?rn?ti?n?l community ?nd legal ?uth?rit? ?f th? UN were not ?bl? to ?nf?r?? int?rn?ti?n?l l?w ?r to stop th? US invasion.R?ti?n?l L?g?l Auth?rit? Authority ?m??w?r?d b? l?g?l ?nd n?tur?l law. This ?uth?rit? h?? f?und strong r??t? in the m?d?rn state, ?it? g?v?rnm?nt?, ?riv?t? ?nd public ??r??r?ti?n?, and v?ri?u? voluntary associations.While W?b?r? th??r? ?ri?ritiz?? efficiency, it isnt n??????ril? th? best practice for l??d?r? to implement.  Max W?b?r w?? unlike most workplace l??d?r? today.Hi? theory ?f m?n?g?m?nt he ?tr????d ?tri?t rul?? ?nd a firm di?tributi?n of power. He wouldve ???ld?d todays m?n?g?r?(m??t ?f wh?m are ???n t? new id??? ?nd fl?xibl? w?rk arrangements) f?r th?ir l??d?r?hi? style.Pr??i?i?n, ????d, un?mbiguit?, knowledge ?f files, continuity, discretion, unit?, ?tri?t subordination, r?du?ti?n of friction ?nd ?f m?t?ri?l, ?nd personal costs â€" th??? ?r? r?i??d t? th? optimum ??int in th? ?tri?tl? bureaucratic administration ??id W?b?r.While hi? theory ?ri?ritiz?? ?ffi?i?n??, it i?nt necessarily th? b??t practice for l??d?r? to im?l?m?nt. Many ?f W?b?r? b?li?f? di???ur?g? ?r??tivit? and collaboration in th? w?rk?l???, and ?????? fl?xibilit? and risk. H?r? ?r? ??m? key ?l?m?nt? ?f th? M?x Weber management th??r? and h?w it ?ff??t? today’s w?rk ?l???.W?b?r b?li?v?d th?t r????n?ibiliti?? ?h?uld b? delegated b???d ?n ?kill ?nd ?bilit?.Th?r? ?h?uld b? no fl?xibl? roles. R?th?r, ?m?l????? ?h?uld b? ?w?r? ?f their ???iti?n? r????n?ibiliti?? and ?ti? k t? them. Str??ing ?ut?id? of th?ir designated r?l?? will disrupt th? hi?r?r?h? ?f ?uth?rit?.Therefore, collaboration, ?r??tiv? thinking ?nd idea ?it?hing ?r? ?l?? ?tr?ngl? di???ur?g?d.Hierarchy encourages the di?tributi?n ?f ??w?r among w?rk?r?. Em?l????? ranked high??t h?v? th? most ??w?r, while ?m?l????? r?nk?d l?w??t must report to th??? above th?m.W?rk?r? ?h?uld r?????t their ?u??rvi??r? ?nd b? ??rt?in n?t t? ?v?r?t?? any b?und?ri?? irrespective ?f wh?t qualification or kn?wl?dg? th?t th?? ???????.Weber called for ?nl? the m??t id??l candidates with th? ?x??t ?kill ??t r?quir?d f?r th? position t? ?n?ur? th? b??t results. Th?r? ?h?uld b? no nepotism or ?x???ti?n? t? th??? high ?t?nd?rd?. If a person is not ??rf??tl? qu?lifi?d, th?? ?r? n?t a fit.Just b???u?? a ??ndid?t? i? easy t? get ?l?ng with ?r w?rk? w?ll with others doesnt mean theyre right for th? job. Th? hiring d??i?i?n should b? b???d ??l?l? ?n their experience ?nd ?x??rti??.Weber did n?t condone ?n? type ?f personal relationship in th? workplace. H? supported th? n?ti?n th?t all w?rk r?l?ti?n?hi?? ?r? br?nd?d by rul?? and r?gul?ti?n?. There ?h?uld b? no ?m?ll t?lk, ??ll?b?r?ti?n ?r sharing of ideas. W?rk is w?rk â€" n?t a social ?uting.Some ?f these rules no longer w?rk f?r u? today. Th??? days, r????r?h h?? t?ld u? th?t m?tiv?t?d w?rk?r? ?r? m?r? efficient ?nd d?liv?r better r??ult? ?n th?ir work.A? a result, m?n?g?r? have to find creative w??? t? m?tiv?t? their workers.And th??? creative rul?? ?r? not really in ??nf?rmit? with Webers rules. T?k? f?r example, m?n?g?r? ?nd employees b?ing ?n first n?m? basis, ?r giving w?rk?r? flexibility.This t??? ?f ??tivit? i? ?tr?ngl? ??????d by W?b?r.CONCLUSIONReal life organizations wh?th?r ?ubli? ?nd private, d? ?xhibit v?r?ing d?gr??? ?f bureaucratization even today.H?w?v?r, it is more in g?v?rnm?nt?l and milit?r? ?rg?niz?ti?n? than in ?riv?t? bu?in??? and voluntary ?rg?ni??ti?n?. Yet it i? n?t f?ll?w?d by bu?in??? h?u??? in it? r??l ideal form and that ’s why th? th??ri?? n??d?d to be evolved furth?r.A? a matter of f??t, though th? bur??u?r?ti? theory of Max W?b?r i? ?ft?n ?riti?i??d as a slow ???r???h t? m?n?g?m?nt and increased ?r?du?tivit?, it is ?till one ?f th? only ???r???h?? th?t makes it ????ibl? to m?n?g? l?rg? gr?u?? and organizations ?u?????full?.Think about it like thi?, h?w w?uld the milit?r? fun?ti?n without bureaucratic?H?w w?uld g?v?rnm?nt really fun?ti?n with strict rul?? ?nd regulations?What i? your ??ini?n?

The Importance of Examining Intersectionality and Interlocking Oppression in Social Work - Free Essay Example

All over the world, there are societal barriers which restrict marginalized people from living happy, successful lives, and their level of safety in their own neighborhoods, cities, states, and countries. Some of these barriers have impacted my life, such as my disability, my mental health, my queerness, and my sex and presumed gender. Other barriers, however, indirectly benefit me while discriminating against others, such as my status as a white, middle class college student. In all of my intersectional marginalizations, the ability to participate in a group and have this group be a safe space, either by being a space specifically for a particular facet of my identity or being a space in which I can talk about my experiences and feel heard, not othered. As social workers, it is important to recognize how these barriers affect clients on a macro, mezzo, and micro scale. Knowing these barriers and the hardships marginalized people face helps in understanding how best to help them. Alongside this, knowing ones privileges and marginalized identities can strengthen the ability to help a client who is struggling with similar situations. Autism is much more than a disability or a diagnosis. It is an integral part of my identity, irremovable from who I am, how I interact with others, and how I view myself and the world around me. Kathie Snows article People First Language has only good intentions, but generalizes by saying all disabilities should be referred to in person first language. Snow, an able bodied mother of a son with cerebral palsy, is speaking on behalf of people with disabilities. Snow writes that [i]f people with disabilities are to be included in all aspects of society, and if theyre to be respected and valued as citizens, we must stop using language that devalues them and sets them apart (2009). My choice to use identity first language does not devalue my contributions as a citizen, but ableism, which is deeply rooted in our society, does. Using autistic as a self identifier is not implying that autism is the only defining trait about me, but it allows me to embrace autism as a part of myself. As such, I choose instead identify using identity first language. While certain aspects of autism mean that I struggle with certain skills, such as social cues and fine motor skills, there are other aspects that I have begun to embrace, such as my specialized interest in music and my sensory responses to music and other comforting stimuli. I began to detach from the idea that eventually I would be able to operate as my non-autistic peers did, and accepted that I was never going to stop being autistic. This self-acceptance was fostered as a result of supportive parents but also the camaraderie shared among people in various autistic online communities. The research of Hanna Bertilsdotter Rosqvist, Charlotte Brownlow, and Lindsay ODell for their article Mapping the social geographies of autism aligns with my experiences in online autistic-only spaces. The importance of such an autistic space is therefore in providing a space within which to develop autistic identities and advocacy narratives. The purpose is not to develop social skills for face-to-face ([neurotypical]-dominated) environments, but to offer a challenge to the need to fit in to the [neurotypical] world. Rosqvist et al. also explain that online autistic communities also serve as safe spaces for autistic people to interact with confidence (2012). I place the most importance on the fact that having an all autistic space means that there is a high likelihood of like minded people who have shared experiences. This comfort has helped me to normalize my struggles and embrace the neurodivergent aspects of myself. I have also begun to challenge the need to fit in while also recognizing the benefits of understanding how to interact in neurotypical environments (2012). I continue to contribute in and benefit from these online communities, and have begun to engage in face-to-face autistic communities. Having a deep understanding of my autistic identity can aid in my social work in two different ways. If I have a client who is autistic, I can offer that client resources to foster self acceptance with regard to being autistic. I hope to show them their value and worth in relation to autism. I can also offer my own experiences while maintaining professional boundaries. Another marginalized portion of my identity is that I am a person with anxiety and depression. In the public school system, I was ridiculed for my mental illnesses due to the stigma surrounding depression and anxiety. The ideas of stigma and ignorance surrounding mental illness, as well as the emphasis on resilience and overcoming hardships at any cost in my community resulted in many of my peers bullying ridiculing me for my depression and anxiety attacks. Other students with mental illness also experienced bullying from perceived neurotypical peers. The hurtful comments and lack of support from my community still affect me today. Fortunately, I had access to therapy and medication, along with the support of my parents, and solidarity among other students who were being bullied as a result of their mental health. However, I had just begun therapy and did not have the skills to cope with both my depression and anxiety and being bullied and ridiculed by my peers. In the article Depres sion, Anxiety, and Peer Victimization, authors Miriam K. Forbes, Sally Fitzpatrick, Natasha R. Magson, and Ronald M. Rapee explain the relationship between anxiety and depression and peer victimization: [p]eer victimization predicted increases in internalizing problems over time, and internalizing problems also predicted increased risk of peer victimization over time. Bullying increases the chances of internalizing distress and victims may also be targeted as a result of how they manage these symptoms (2018). The cycle of being bullied because of my mental illness, which increased my anxiety surrounding school and fed my depression, and then being bullied because of my increased anxiety and depression snowballed out of control. Unlike my success in seeking out a positive community for my autistic identity, the shame I felt for having depression and anxiety was immense, and I kept my healing to therapy and talking with my mother about my depression and anxiety. Tanis Does essay Thoughts on Thinking Differently is the reading that most resonated with my experiences. The teachers in my school were afraid of believing and accepting the fact that because of my anxiety and depression, staying in class was difficult, and even coming to school at all was a struggle. I did not receive support on either this or the fact that I was being bullied because of my mental illnesses. The students saw that my anxiety and depression gave me a weakness and made me a target for the reaction they wanted to elicit. Reading Does writing on mental illness, particularly depression, as a person who is disabled in other ways as well, was a comfort, especially considering that the reading is from 1992. My depression and anxiety can be t reated, but it is something that I will live with for the rest of my life. Through therapy and my lived experiences, I have come to accept that, but society has not. Does explanation of the lack of services and accomodations for people with mental illness is an unfortunate reality: for mental health and mental disabilities, there is less hope and less help (1992). Akin to my experiences with the autistic community, however, I have found acceptance from people who also have mental illnesses after being able to accept my diagnoses. Community is by no means a solution to the oppression that marginalized communities experience, but it is an important and powerful tool. My queer identity is another aspect of my identity that experiences marginalization. Unlike autism and mental illness, however, my experiences with queerphobia are mostly indirect, and are a result of the systemic oppression of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, and queer people. I identify as a lesbian, and my gender identity falls under the category of non binary and gender non conforming. The ways in which I experience queerphobia are a result of the history of oppression faced by LGBTQ people, which continues to affect the community and by extension my life. In the article We Wont Go Back into the Closet Now Without One Hell of a Fight by Cindy B. Veldhuis et al., research and qualitative studies support an increase in the stigmatization of the LGBTQ community in the aftermath and outcome of the 2016 presidential election. This increase in structural stigma, which is stigmatization that stems from societal norms and attitudes towards a marginalized community which puts up s tructural barriers for the affected community, has negative implications for mental health and well being, and creates stress. These stressors may be related to queerphobia as a whole or internalized queerphobia and homonegativity. Among the fears that participants of the qualitative study shared, I resonated with increased hate speech and violence, loss of rights, and a fear of being out. I also resonated with heightened levels of stress and lack of hope related to these fears (2017). In reaction to this, I have participated in the LGBTQ+ community, both through utilizing the safe space it provides me and through activism, because of the increased need for community as self care. Having social workers who identify as LGBTQ+ is incredibly important for LGBTQ+ clients, as many may feel alone or misunderstood, especially considering queerphobia and structural stigma. This is another situation where I would choose to disclose my identity to a struggling client if I felt it would be of comfort to them and while maintaining professional boundaries. My queer identity can also help me in engaging in conversations with fellow social workers who may be straight or cisgender, as I can offer them my experiences, answer questions, and be an educator pertaining to a community which experiences stigmatization and discrimination because of their status as a member of the LGBTQ+ community. As an assigned female at birth (AFAB) person, I have experienced discrimination in the form of a slew of incorrect or incomplete diagnoses, as well as having my experiences with mental illness discredited because of my AFAB status. Underdiagnosis is a problem in all aspects of health care, however I have experienced firsthand misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of autism in AFAB people. In the article The Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism by Timothy M. Krahn and Andrew Fenton, the idea that people who were assigned male at birth (AMAB) have a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with autism is explored in depth. Krahn and Fenton explain that the leading expert on autism research, Simon Baron-Cohen, uses evidence which reflects overt gender stereotyping girls and women tend to be altruistic, nurturing, and chatty, while boys and men tend to compete and engage in overt aggressive behaviours (2012). These stereotypes of typical feminine behaviors, as well as stereotypes about autistic peo ple, greatly influences the higher levels of diagnoses in males than in females. Given prevalent social pressures on females (in certain cultures) to deal with their problems in more contained ways than males and to use internalization as a means of coping, it may be that females with autism are escaping clinical notice for reasons that are, at least in part, the product of sex stereotyping (Zahn-Waxler, Shirtcliff, Marceau, as cited in Krahn Fenton 2012). Although I was diagnosed at an early age with Non-Verbal Learning Disorder, I was not diagnosed as autistic until my last year of middle school. The reasoning is in part due to the underdiagnosis of autism in AFAB people, which is perpetuated by gender stereotyping, but also the social pressures placed on AFAB people to deal with their problems in more contained ways. If I had been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder at an early age, I wonder if I would have received more adequate benefits in addition to the benefits I was r eceiving for NLD. My depression and anxiety may have also been underdiagnosed due to being AFAB for the same social pressures. Recognizing this can help me to help AFAB clients obtain diagnoses, and help to dispel stereotypes that other social workers around me might have about gender and certain male-dominated diagnoses. In addition to these marginalized portions of my identity, it is equally important for me to touch on my status as a white, middle class person, and the privilege that both of these identities afford me. Talking about privilege is just as difficult as opening up about marginalized identities, as it is a vulnerable topic. As social workers, it is vital to recognize the privileges that one has. The first article I read for this class, I cant breathe: A case study, was, in some ways, an eye opener for me. One of the sad realities about racism is that white people generally do not engage in conversations about racism because there are not opportunities to do so in many communities, or if there is an opportunity to do so, the tenderness of the subject drives white people away. Therefore, when I do have conversations about race, they take place at school, mostly in the classroom, or I engage in conversations about race online using social media. Samuel R. Aymers descriptions of police brut ality are not surprising to me, but his account of his experiences with Jamal asserted my beliefs that police brutality is a traumatic event, particularly for black men (2016). I have not experienced police brutality, and this is because of my whiteness. I have the privilege to be reading this article and not fear for my life, but instead feel anger, sadness, and powerlessness in changing the current situation. The article that resonated with me the most was White Privilege and Male Privilege by Peggy McIntosh. Reading the list of privileges afforded to white people in addition to McIntoshs analysis of white privilege reminded me of thoughts I have had after the first few confrontations I had about my privilege. In particular, her discussion of white peoples ability to not broach the subject of whiteness at all struck me, as this is something I have the privilege of doing, while people of color do not have that privilege. In addition, her usage of male privilege is a tool for white people, in particular white women in womens studies, to come to terms with the fact that they also have privilege, despite also being oppressed (1988). Intersectionality and interlocking oppression identities are important to recognize, and it is also important to recognize how white people can use their privilege to support rather than create barriers for people of color. The topic of class is one that I have not had to give much thought about. I never saw myself as being more privileged than others in this way because in my neighborhood and school, my familys status as lower middle class was average or below average. Additionally, in comparison to other members of my extended family, our status as lower middle class was well below average. However, after three years living in Maine and attending the University of Southern Maine, I have gained other viewpoints which has lead me to realize my class privilege. Although I was not present for the in-class activity of the Race Race, the discussion afterwards opened my eyes to other viewpoints and walks of life. This eye opening experience is similar to the one described in Peggy McIntoshs essay on white privilege. I could not relate to the experiences of working class families and families who were below the poverty line. Education in both the instance of being white and being middle class are integral for my career as a social worker, and I will continue to educate myself on issues regarding both people of color and working class people. The process of writing and editing this paper was filled with emotion. However, reflecting on both my marginalized identities and privileged identities was an important exercise and has opened my eyes to new intersections of my identity that I did not pay much attention to. Knowing oneself is an important part of being an effective social worker, and knowing ones privileges and marginalizations will not only benefit ones own self, but ones surroundings, other social workers, and clients. The NASW Code of Ethics places importance on Cultural Competence and Social Diversity, and also the belief that every person has inherent worth and is deserving of dignity. My biases towards marginalized groups, in particular people of the LGBTQ+ community, those struggling with mental illness, and people with disabilities, may make it difficult for me to hear out and respect the concerns of clients who differ in values than me. It will be challenging for me to do so, but it will be one small effort towards promoting tolerance and the core values of the social work profession. I also hope that my openness as an autistic, non-binary lesbian human with mental illness will be impactful in the people I work with and the clients who I choose to share this information with. The information I have learned from the readings, experiences in this class and in other classes, and experiences with the world will continue to inform my knowledge and will integrate into my life and my work.

Realism in Paraja by Gopinath Mohanty - 555 Words

Gopinath Mohantys Paraja belongs to the genre of realistic novel. This genre was popularized in France by novelists like Emile Zola and Andre Gide in 19th century. The roots of the novel lie in Romances which were popular in Europe for many centuries. Romances dealt with usually love stories, where courtship and adventure assumed great importance. In spite of their popularity for centuries, they fell out of public favour in course of time. Cervantes Don Quixote is a parody of Romances. Realism became popular in the 19th century France and novelists instead of fantasizing human relationships and making them unreal, depit human life in very realistic terms without glorifying any emotion. Thus creativity assumed a new meaning; it no†¦show more content†¦The tribals are very innocent and are mortally scared of forest officials and police. When the forest guard comes on a routine visit, he is treated as a demigod. They offer him animals, money and gifts. They are so afraid of hi m that when relations between the guard and Sukru Jani turn sour, no villager goes to the help of the latter. The depiction of Sahukar and his ways hold up a faithful mirror to the evil ways of the money lender. There is a strange custom called `Jholla among the parajas. Jholla means bride-price. If one wants to marry a girl, he has to offer bride-price to the girls father. To raise this amount they approached Sahukar for loan. Since the interest on this loan is compounded one can never clear his loan and thus become a slave to the money lender. The Sahukar also lent grain and millet to the tribals. They would return them after the harvest with interest. The innocent tribals never questioned the Sahukars accounting. Through his insidious ways the Sahukar fleeced the gullible tribals of their produce. When there was nothing to pledge to Sahukar, some people pledged their bodies and became his `gotis (bonded labourers). Sukru Jani and his sons become `gotis and when they want to free themselves and the land from the Sahukar by repaying their loan amount, he refuses to give the land back. Mohanty shows how the innocent tribals are exploited and cheated by the court personnel, besides the ones like forest guard,

The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 1308 Words

The constant act of avoiding the worth women have in society spirals down to the core fact how women are envisioned inferior to men. In The Ways We Lie by Stephanie Ericsson, the simple declaration, â€Å"We lie. We all do. We exaggerate, we minimize, we avoid confrontation, we spare people’s feelings, we conveniently forget, we keep secrets, we justify lying to the big-guy’s institutions.† Depicts how far lies have come to fit in the spectrum of society, which has inevitably caused women to lose their voice in established lies – mistaken as truths – into thinking that the unfair treatment they receive is what they deserve. Furthermore, The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman focuses on the narrator; a woman during the†¦show more content†¦He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures.† Finishing by adding, â€Å"And what can one do?† We come to realize that she isn’t as oblivious as she may seem, and with the last statement made, she is aware that her viewpoint won’t be taken into consideration. Her husband’s actions coincidentally are defined in Webster’s dictionary, as mentioned in The Ways We Lie, for lie: anything that gives or is meant to give a false impression. In addition, we are introduced to the narrator from The Yellow Wallpaper’s discontentment towards the kind of â€Å"recuperation process† she is undergoing. Despite her colorless world, she believes how â€Å"congenial work, with excitement and change† would serve her well, but she is absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until she is well again (Gilman Par. 5). Yet, in spite of her interest in stepping foot outside her bedroom, socializing, and writing as a cathartic release, her husband easily disregards her suggestions and reminds her how she should simply take a nap or stay indoors and as submissive as any wife in society was at this point, she obliges (Gilman Pg. 4). This is a very accurate example of how stereotypes and clichà ©s, number 6 in The Ways We Lie, lists â€Å"all the â€Å"isms† – racism, sexism, ageism, et al. – are founded on and fueled by the stereotype and the clichà ©, which are lies of exaggeration, omission,

Switzerland Health Care System - 1296 Words

Switzerland Health Care System The Introduction and Historical Background Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic made up of 23 cantons. It lies in central Europe and is bordered by many different countries, which are France, Germany, Italy, and Austria. It covers a huge amount of area about 41,287 km2 Switzerland’s major city include, Berne which is the capital, also Zurich, Basle and Geneva. The country is dominated by the Jura Mountains in the northwest and the beautiful Alps, which is a big tourist attraction in Switzerland for skiing. The Cambrian Switzerland ski hotel located in Bernese Oberland region one of the world’s most spectacular mountain landscape in the south together these two areas occupy about seventy percent of the country’s area. The Rhine and Rhone rivers both gather in Switzerland, and there are many lakes, including Lake Geneva and Lake Constance. Most of the population of just over seven million lives in the valley of the Swiss Plateau, a narrow, hilly region between t he two mountain ranges called Swiss alps known as the Monta Rosa, that rises four thousand six hundred and thirty four meters. Switzerland has a very great climate that is never extremely hot or extremely cold with conditions that vary with relief and altitude. The population is made up of four principle language communities Germans, French ,Italians and the Romans. About forty eight percent are Roman Catholic forty four percent areShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Systems Of Switzerland855 Words   |  4 Pages Health Care Systems of Switzerland Switzerland’s health care system is not tax based or is not company paid either. If you are planning on moving to Switzerland within three months of being there, you must contact a public or private health insurance company provider. 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It is financed through contributions of the individual to the insurance company rather than through tax or employment based contributions.16 This keeps tax percentages down and allows for more equality in access. The insurance is regulated by the country’s canton.16 The country works under the concept of social solidarity, meaning that the government is responsible in giving all social servicesRead MoreThe United States And Switzerland Health Care System1309 Words   |  6 PagesFinding a healthcare system that is beneficial and affordable for the country’s citizens is challenging and often seems impossible due to the high price of medical care and the broad spectrum of healthcare issues that insurance plans must cover. The debate of a healthcare system which is affordable, effective, and accessible for the majority of the population is a topic of great discussion. The Unite d States and Switzerland health care systems are prime examples of this debate. 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Healthcare has become a considerable event in almost every country; due to the increasing amount of medical needs in our world and the continuous technological innovations. It seems that there is no foolproof system that satisfies all citizens of a country, howeverRead MoreHealthcare And The Unified Healthcare System Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesÚnico de Saà ºde, in English the Unified Healthcare System. Healthcar e has become a major event in almost every country; due to the increasing amount of medical needs in our world and technology advances. It seems that there is no such thing as a perfect system that satisfies all citizens of a country, however countries like Switzerland and Brazil seem to have an edge that the rest of the world may be overlooking. It seems that universal health care could be the future that lies before us. First, weRead MoreAmericas Universal Healthcare Coverage1322 Words   |  6 Pagesjoin the other industrialized countries that have long since implemented universal healthcare systems such as: Germany, France, United Kingdom, and Canada; who have more cost effective systems which produce better health outcomes than the US.1 Setting the focus outwards and learning from both the success stories and the growing pains as would be beneficial in shaping a universal healthcare system of care. In order to achieve universal healthcare coverage, the author delivers this message to the readerRead MoreEfficiency in Health Care Systems Essay2288 Words   |  10 Pagescountless ways to define efficiency in the health care system. The different structures of the health care systems around the world give rise to discrepancies in the definitions present. Yet such definitions all share common elements. Hence a unanimous statement of what efficiency is should be adopted to allow the fair evaluation of health care systems internationally. Efficiency should be simply defined as the balanced relationship between the inputs to health care and the maximized outputs that are generatedRead MoreCare For All : A Case For Universal Healthcare1829 Words   |  8 PagesCare for All: A Case for Universal Healthcare Without our health, we have nothing. Money, friends and family, happiness--all are afterthoughts without our health. As such, both as individuals and as a society, maintaining our health must be an indispensable priority. Despite the many faults of our healthcare system, Americans realize this. Healthcare is undoubtedly a major concern in the United States. The recent implementation of the Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as â€Å"Obamacare,† the heated

Hip Hop An Evolving Youth Culture - 1461 Words

Hip-hop is influential on a family s relationship, the life, and education of the new generation. When talking about the culture of Hip-hop one should know about lifestyle influence and literary development. â€Å"Hip Hop is Now: An Evolving Youth Culture†, is about how hip-hop has been an influence on society, primarily the youth. Also, how the younger generation treats life differently compared to the older generation. The article is written by Carl Taylor and Virgil Taylor. â€Å"Promoting Academic Literacy with Urban Youth through Engaging Hip-Hop Culture† is written by, Ernest Morrell and Jeffrey M. R. Duncan-Andrade. The article is about how hip-hop can effectively become a part of school literacy. Both articles are centered around the influence on hip-hop. One tells how hip-hop has been an influence of life, the second article explains how hip-hop can be an academic influence. On August 11, 2015 hip-hop had developed to see 42 years of age. Though four point two decades seems like a large amount of time it is a minor amount compared to other genres such as gospel and classical, hip-hop is still young and developing. Hip-hip is still a youthful sprout, though it has been able to plant robust roots that have reached out around the world. With hip-hop set as one of the most powerful forms of music it is also a fundamental line to inspire lifestyle, character, and personal actions. For some youths it’s the only source of knowledge about what goes on in the street and governmentShow MoreRelatedYouth And The Hip Hop Youth Culture1695 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian Youth Culture Introduction Youth has various definitions. It can be considered as a state of mind, a life stage, or a stage of development. Youth can also be considered as a creation of marketing and a demographic category. 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Hip-hop’s massive influence on the EnglishRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music has delivered messages of freedom of expression, unity, peace, and protest against social injustices, for the past 30 years. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as hip hop culture. Hip hop culture originally included rapping, break dancing, graffiti, beat boxing, and looping and scratching, and has now includes urban clothing and cars, speech patterns and slangRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Music On The Youth Culture1316 Words   |  6 Pagessupport the reason how Hip-hop has such an impact on the youth culture, how Hip-hop is valued, and how the music and its lyrics are interpreted. Changing Images of Violence Rap music lyrics: 1979-1997 Hip- hop has both a negative and positive impact on African American lives. Over the past three decades, Hip-hop has arisen as a cultural and artistic aspect, influencing youth culture around the world. Hip-hop echo’s the social, economic, political, and culture matter and conditionsRead MoreRap Music : Influence On Violent Behavior1379 Words   |  6 PagesMUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Kaland Farrow Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University  RAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Rap music is derived from Hip Hop culture which is deeply rooted in the African American community. The word, rap, has a Middle English origin. Originally, rap means to beat or strike. Beginning in the 1960s, African Americans gave the word another definition. 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The purpose of his essay is to shine a positive light on hip hop culture and move his audience-- people who think it is all bad-- to have a change of heart like him, and to achieve his purpose, he uses rhetorical strategies includi ng appeals, specific diction, and meticulous sentence structure. McBrideRead MoreHip Hop And Its Impact On American Culture933 Words   |  4 Pages Do you remember a time, during which hip hop music was a voice against African American oppression? Honestly, it is hard to tell nowadays. Even though hip hop was a concept coined my American artists, it is rooted in many cultures among different nations. It is one of the only nationalistic movements that have not lost its fundamental heritage throughout the test of time. Hip hop music has always been a voice for the voiceless, but in the past decade, the music genre has declined into commercialismRead MoreHip Hop Culture Then Vs. Now1548 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop Culture Then Vs. Now Hip-hop is an underground urban movement which emerged in the South Bronx, NY during the early 1970s. Hip-hop is composed of four basic elements; DJ-ing, emceeing (rapping), graffiti and style, and break dancing. These elements are how most people recognize hip-hop culture. Many other people think of hip-hop as just a music genre, but it is more than just a music genre. It is cultivating way of living, and several people fail to understand its true meaningRead More Multiculturalism In Music Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pageselicit an aesthetic response in a listener† (Morris, 864). This country’s youth is unlike any others, we have much control over what we do, and music is something that evolves around all of us. In this essay, I will discuss the evolution of youth music ranging from early rock, to today’s hip hop stars, from a muliculturalistic point of view. Multiculturalism is â€Å" a term identifying the presence of several significant culturesâ⠂¬  (Stark, 434). Without the presence of multiculturalism, music may not be

Physio 9.0 Endocrine Lab Essay - 976 Words

physioex 9.0 Review Sheet Exercise 4 Endocrine System Physiology Name Laura Bauer Lab Time/Date Thursday 5:30-7:30 Activity 1 Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Part 1 1 Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)? The Normal rat had the fastest BMR. 2 Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___ The BMRs differed because the surgically altered rats were missing either the Pituitary or Thryoid gland that release thyroid hormones. 3 If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood? The animal will be missing trioodythronine and thyroxine. 4 If an animal†¦show more content†¦3. Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay. *** This patient would be diagnosed with gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that typically disappears after pregnancy. 4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)? ___ Patients 1 and 2 were in the normal range. 5. What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline impaired patients? ___ A change of diet in which simple sugars are limited might assist borderline patients. Similarly, fiber and good carbohydrates could be helpful. Activity 3 Hormone Replacement Therapy ** We could not carry out the third experiment there was an issue with the software. Activity 4 Measuring Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 1 Which patient would most likely be diagnosed with Cushing’s disease? Why? ___ Patient number 3 would most likely be at risk due to high levels of both cortisol and ACTH ___ 2 Which two patients have hormone levels characteristic of Cushing’s syndrome? ___ Patients 2 and 5 have high levels of cortisol which is a characteristic of Cushings syndrome. 3 Patient 2 is being treated for rheumatoid arthritis with prednisone. How does this information change the diagnosis? ___ Because of the treatment for the arthritis, the Cushings syndrome would have been induced by

Paranoid Schizopreina Essay Example For Students

Paranoid Schizopreina Essay Paranoid SchizophreniaJust because they really are out to get you doesnt mean you arent paranoid. -Steven BrustParanoid schizophrenia is a serious, lifelong condition that leads to many complications, including suicidal behavior. Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the several types of schizophrenia, a chronic mental illness in which a person loses touch with reality. The classic features of paranoid schizophrenia are having delusions and hearing things that are not real. This paper will discuss the key symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention of paranoid schizophrenia. Key SymptomsDelusions and hallucinations are the symptoms that make paranoid schizophrenia most distinct from other types of schizophrenia. You are less likely to be affected by mood problems or problems with thinking, concentration or thinking. In paranoid schizophrenia, a common delusion is that you are being singled out for harm. For instance, you may believe that the government is monitoring every move that you make or that a co-worker is poisoning your lunch. You may also have delusions of grandeur- the belief that you can fly, that you are famous or in a relationship with a famous person. You hold on to theses false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary. Delusions often result in aggression or violence, especially if you believe you must act in self-defense against those who want to harm you. An auditory hallucination is the perception of sound, usually voices, that no one else hears. The sounds may be a single voice or many voices. These voices may talk either to you or to each other. The voices are usually unpleasant. They make ongoing criticisms of what you are thinking or doing, or make cruel comments about your real or imagined faults. Voices may also command you to do things that can be harmful to yourself or others. When you suffer from paranoid schizophrenia, these voices are real to you. You may even talk to or shout at the voices. Causes Paranoid schizophrenia and other forms of schizophrenia are brain disorders. Genetics and environment play a key role in causing paranoid schizophrenia. The precise cause is unknown. Certain factors may increase the risk of developing or triggering paranoid schizophrenia including: family history, exposure to viruses while in the womb, poor nutrition while in the womb, stressful life circumstances, older prenatal age, and taking psychoactive drugs during adolescence. Treatment and PreventionIf your doctor or mental health provider suspects that you may have paranoid schizophrenia he or she will run a series of test. These tests will help pinpoint a diagnosis, and rule out other problems that may cause some similar symptoms. These test may include: a physical exam, laboratory testing, and a psychological evaluation. To be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, you must meet the symptom criteria spelled out in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders. ( www.mayoclinic.com)Diagnostic criteria includes a preoccupation with one or more delusions, and frequent auditory hallucinations. Paranoid schizophrenia is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment, even when you have periods when you feel better and symptoms have lifted. You may be tempted to ignore or stop treatment, but effective treatment can control your condition and lead to a happier life. The main treatment methods for paranoid schizophrenia are: medication, psychotherapy, hospitalization, electroconvulsive therapy, and vocational skills training. Paranoid schizophrenia is not a condition that can be prevented. Evidence shows that some signs of schizophrenia may even be present from early childhood. However, to prevent episodes from occurring as frequently some steps can be followed. Take your medications as directed, even if you are not feeling well. Avoid drugs and alcohol as these tend to worsen the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. Pay attention to the warning signs and check before combining other medications to your daily regimen.

Free sample of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in the 21st Century

Summary Psychodynamic theory is a theory, which describes the human behaviour and human motivation related to both conscious and unconscious pressure and the overall interplay (Weiten and Lloyd, 2006). However there are many several different, psychodynamic theories, which exist which primarily, given importance to the unconscious motive and desire as well as the significance to the early childhood memories in developing overall personality. Psychodynamic psychotherapy in the 21st century is a relic as the it has been hypothesised that the psychodynamic psychotherapy is at risk or rigor mortis if it is remain strict reading stuck in supposed orthodoxies and dogma (Meyer et.al. 1989). However forms the research study it is evident that the psychodynamic psychotherapy is successful in cognitive therapy. In the overall study of annualised cognitive therapy, for depression found several significant finding which working alliance forecasted patient enhancement on all the outcome measure Psychodynamic process forecasted patient enhancement on all the outcome measure Therapist adherence tot eh cognitive treatment framework which are generally focusing on the distorted cognition forecasted the poorer result (Meyer al. 1989). These several significant finding should be interpreted to determine whether the psychodynamic psychotherapy in 21st century is a antique or relic which is quite evident from research and their significant finding (Kaley et.al., 1999). Other significant empirical studies prove to provide a satisfactory platform to determine the overall stability and the demonstrated link between the psychodynamic method and the more successful outcome whether or not the investigator explicitly determined and identified the psychodynamic.

Sub Topics For A Sports Management Research Paper

Sub Topics For A Sports Management Research PaperSports management research paper should include topics such as sport business, sports culture, sport finances, sport marketing, and research methods. It should also be designed to incorporate relevant topics on employee performance. Researching on how to improve employee performance will be a great contribution to a manager's career development. The author should consider different methods and select the most appropriate one.Sports management research paper should also be measured and provide data for students so that they can carry out their work. Data provided in the paper must be organized and presented properly. Students should be able to determine the cause of the problem and the reasons why it could not be resolved.In a sports management research paper, students should select which aspects they would like to research and write about. Since sport is associated with business, students must study the various sports industry activiti es. They can do this by selecting the specific aspect they would like to explore and write about.Each sport should be investigated individually in a sports management research paper. Students can begin by investigating what each sport is all about, the problems it faces and its management approaches.Each organization or team in a sports management research paper should be put under scrutiny. Students should identify the problems facing the team in the particular sport. By doing this, students will be able to find what they need to do to rectify the situation. This can also be used to study the advantages and disadvantages of teams and their management practices.Students should go through the various organizations or teams in the team and analyze them from the point of view of the management, if the team was formed from the collaboration of two or more organizations or teams. The management structure should be studied from a situational perspective. Students should find out what happ ens if a particular team fails to meet its goal.An important part of a sports management research paper is the assessment of employee performance. The author should collect information about the performance of employees before, during, and after the working period. This can be done by conducting interviews, examining performance reports, reviewing the performance of employees who have left the company, and collecting demographic data.This can be done by using the personal performance data obtained from the employees and adjusting them to suit the data collected during the interview. Students should also create a performance rating scale which will be used to rank the employees. Finally, they should compare the performances of these employees against the goals set by the company.

Supplemental College Essay - College Essay Writing Guidelines For Boarding School

Supplemental College Essay - College Essay Writing Guidelines For Boarding SchoolAfter submitting your supplemental college essay, you will notice that some of the credit or points are going to be assigned based on the essay's academic merit. This is the main reason why it is very important for students to prepare and organize their college essays before they submit them.Preparing a college essay for a boarding school is much more similar to preparing one for a normal college. Here are the 5 most important elements that must be considered before you submit your college essay.First of all, it is very important for students to make a schedule before they send in their college essays for a boarding school. A scheduled schedule for writing your college essay is important so that you will not forget your essay topics or the essay itself. Scheduling your writing is also important to make sure that you do not take a lot of time to write your essay.Second, an organized list of college essays that you have written will greatly help your essay to be more organized. If you are going to try to edit your essay and organize it as well, then you will know what parts you need to edit and what parts you want to leave alone. Your thoughts, ideas, and feelings will flow much better if you have a theme or guide of where to go to make changes to your college essay. After all, you will only get to change a small part of the essay.Third, a date for when you should submit your essay is very important. It is very important that you keep your submission date a few days before your board school deadline. You will be able to see how your essay would look like after you have submitted it so you will be able to make any necessary changes to it.Fourth, be prepared when you start writing your essay. For one thing, you need to be very organized when you begin to write your essay. Write out the outline of the essay first. Then, you can use this outline as a reference when you are writing the ma in body of your essay.Fifth, don't get caught up with the end result of your essay. Remember that an essay is a written expression of your thoughts and feelings. To be successful in the essay writing, you need to concentrate on the reason you are writing the essay. Remember that if your essay is based on your grades, then don't be too emotional about it.If you want to get high grades for your college essays, then you need to work hard in preparing and organizing your essays before you submit them for a boarding school. You should remember that in many boarding schools, the essays are one of the hardest subjects that are taught. Be ready and prepared so that you will have no problems with your essay submission.

Claire Giving Haley A College Essay Idea

Claire Giving Haley A College Essay IdeaClaire gives Haley a college essay idea. I love this one. When you're interviewing for jobs, you always want to try to get into one of the top schools in the country.I don't mean to sound like a whiner because it's not my intention, but I'm tired of being rejected from top schools. I understand what it is that people are going through as far as money and scholarships go. I've tried to get grants for my schooling and scholarship money for books, but they have turned me down on numerous occasions. After years of attending and failing, I decided to do some serious studying about how to win these scholarships for college.When I was thinking about Claire's college essay idea, I realized that I was really lacking in research skills. It's all very well having good research skills when you're a writer, but being able to think fast and act fast in an interview is another thing altogether. In short, I need to study up on interviewing skills. I began to d o some research on interviewing techniques, how to use good language, and things of that nature.Now I have a few choices here. If you want to use an interview technique to win your scholarships then you should probably avoid the more simple questions like the plague. However, if you need to write a persuasive essay on a hot topic for your school then you'll be better off answering the harder questions. And, I certainly agree with Claire that this essay idea would work great for a hot topic like the type of students you study with and what type of parents you have.For the later question you can bet that your parents are going to be bringing up something that they are passionate about. You can use that in your essay because it will be a hot topic. If your parents have kids in the same program then they are going to bring up something about your program because you're both interested in that subject. But if you aren't related, you will have to write about something else. Either way, th is kind of essay writing doesn't take much time to do.One other tip to help you with Claire's college essay idea is to be very aggressive in your research. You should be using research as a tool to help you with this project. If you don't know a lot about some particular subject, don't hesitate to Google it.And now to finish up with Claire's college essay idea. Do what it takes to put yourself out there. Never hide your identity from your professor.Tell them what type of student you are and the type of scholarship that they might be able to help you with. Be honest and never embellish the truth. Your essay can help get you the scholarship and the money you deserve.

How to Structure Your Essay Topic and Descriptions Essay Topics

How to Structure Your Essay Topic and Descriptions Essay TopicsWhen writing a college or university essay, it is important to keep some thoughts in mind about how to structure your essays. Your essay topic and your descriptions should take up about one third of the entire length of your essay. Although your topics and descriptions can be written in just as much detail as your sentences and paragraphs, many students find that it's easier to just state their main thoughts rather than going into specifics.In order to make sure that you get your main point across, you will want to make sure that you go into greater detail in your essay's first paragraph. The next paragraph, the ones following, and the one after that should all tell a little more about the subject matter of your essay.College and university essays have many different categories, and they can be classified into subcategories as well. One category is, 'others.' Many students who are writing their college and university essa ys for college or university credit will find that they do not need to write a 'general' essay. For this reason, it is often okay to skip these 'others' categories altogether and get into your main topic.Another category is 'Writing Styles.' Writing styles include but are not limited to, legal, grammar, and prose style.You will want to focus on getting into sentence construction, grammar, and the proper usage of facts, figures, and examples. These three are a part of what is called the 'strategic' part of writing. They are important to know because they will help you to present yourself as an expert on the topic and to keep your point of view on the focus of your essay.You will want to also pay attention to the other sections of your descriptions essay topics. There is often a need to discuss something called the theme of your essay. It is basically a theme that you want to follow throughout the entirety of your essay. Often, the theme of your essays will either relate to the major points of your essay or else it will be related to the larger topic of your college or university course.As with any subject, many professors will tell you that if you are not taking notes about descriptions essay topics, you are not writing well. So, before you start writing your essay, think about what topics you will talk about.

The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations Essay Example

The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations Essay The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations JOHN H HANNAH III UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations This paper will examine the particular issues associated with the impact of outsourcing on public sector organization’s performance and employee commitment. As the move to outsourcing is part of a wider phenonom for flexibility in the organizational, structure, development and change paradigms of public sector organizations. This paper begins by examining the problems associated with an outsourcing strategy in public sector organization. Many counties within the US, have chosen to outsource the investment and operation of non-competitive public services, such as water and waste management, public transports, mail services, information and communication technology services, facilities management and road infrastructures. Outsourcing today has become an essential revenue and growth strategy for almost every existing corporation. It creates flexibility in the company, ensuring the maximum utilization of available resources within the company. It also offers corporations cost advantages and help free up their management resources. Orange county government-anywhere USA, requested the services of a Home Land Security Specialist to assist in the collaborative, assessment, development and strategic enhancement of it municipality’s Information Technology (IT) and Critical Facilities’ (CF) upgrades and security. Upon the completion of plan, expectations and deliverables, a series of introductions with Directors, Managers and Supervisors, it was apparent the federal dollars associated with the project was indeed the motive for the invitation. In my initial general assessment and development of a strategy, the organization handbook was the first critical reading which uncovered a mission statement, values, ethical guidelines and the organizational cultural premise. â€Å"The Mayor’s outline the vision, values and mission as simple – to serve. You have an important job to do as we work to meet the needs of our citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We ensure that roads are built and maintained; we protect environmental resources; we respond to crisis and emergency situations; we staff facilities that care for people; and we ensure that the quality of life of our citizens is protected our challenge is to build on the strengths of our diverse community so that everyone can enjoy the very best Orange County has to offer. We are committed to maintaining an organization where citizens are engaged in civic affairs, take ownership in their government and have input in the decision making process†. The following core values serve as our foundation: 1. FAIRNESS, 2. WORK ETHIC 3. INTEGRITY AND CHARACTER 4. EXCELLENCE AND INNOVATION: 5. PROFESSIONALISM AND ACCOUNTABILITY (Orange County Government, 2012) . The role of the Security Specialist in this public sector organization is to examine the particular issues associated with the impact of outsourcing on public sector organization’s performance and employee commitment and develop a strategy to move this organization toward outsourcing initially in the areas of IT and CF. Provide an assessment and evaluation of the organizational readiness for change in the area of outsourcing. This paper begins by examining the problems associated with an outsourcing strategy in public sector organization in the form of an assessment. As public sector moves to outsourcing as part of a wider strategy to increase flexibility in the organizational, structure, development and change paradigms of public sector organization. Outsourcing helps organizations to be focused. Since the most valuable resource within management is time, once a process is successfully outsourced, the management gets more and effective time to explore new revenue streams, time to accelerate other projects and time to focus on customers. Traditionally executives spend 80 percent of their time managing details, and only 20 percent on planning and customer relations, in other words, a successful outsourcing process can help reverse this ratio. Outsourcing can also help companies to have access to new technologies that might not be used in their company. This is mainly because the outsourcers use the latest state-of-the art technologies to serve their private sector clients. And this might also increase the change paradigm shift and rapid migration of these companies to new technology. Outsourcing also helps multi functional areas and department of a public sector providing the benefit of 24-hour operational cycles and providing necessary services to their customer. The ever- growing pressure for increased productivity and profitability of city, county and state governments thus, the pressures to reduce costs and improve productivity are the main factors that influenced the beginning of offshore outsourcing. For example, the main advantages to move production to private contracting of products and services to reduce in-house human resources management cost. Hence, today outsourcing has become an attractive and powerful strategy for companies to reduce cost and improve performance. These models provide theoretical guidelines upon which valid and reliable organizational assessments should be based. All of these models provide value to management and human resource organizational leaders performing organizational assessments based on a internal aspects or a system theory evaluation approach (Erwin Garman, 2010). The McKinsey 7S Framework model is used as a tool to assess and monitor changes in the internal situation of an organization closed system assessment. The model is based on the theory that, for an organization to perform well, these seven elements need to be aligned and mutually reinforcing. So, the model can be used to help identify what needs to be realigned to improve performance, or to maintain alignment (and performance) during other types of change. The basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful evaluation and assessment tool. The Seven Interdependent Elements of the 7s model are Hard elements (strategy, structure and systems) and the Soft Elements (shared values, skills, style and staff) (Waterman, Peters, Phillips, 1980) Burke Litwin Model (The Casual Model of Organizational Performance Change) – The Burke Litwin Model, suggests linkages that hypothesize how performance is affected by internal and external factors. It provides a framework to assess organizational and environmental dimensions that are keys to successful change and it demonstrates how these dimensions should be linked causally to achieve a change in performance. According to Burke-Litwin’s model, an organization may conduct a change intervention in stages as they relate to a specific focus in two stages â€Å"First order and Second order† changes. If an OD intervention is directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result, it can be considered a first order change, if interventions are directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (Burke Litwin, 1992). The Marvin Weisbord-Six-Box Model (Weisbord’s Model) is designed to assess the functioning of organizations based mainly on the techniques and assumptions of the field of organizational development. The model represents a particular way of looking at organizational structure and design. It gives attention to issues such as planning, incentives and rewards, the role of support functions such as personnel, internal competitions among organizational units, standards for remuneration, partnerships, hierarchies and the delegation of authority, organizational control, accountability and performance assessment. The model also follows the basic systems approach to organizational functioning including the well-known inputs and outputs categories. The six-box model is comprised of the following components (boxes): (1). Purposes, (2). Structure, (3) relationships; (4). Rewards, (5). Leadership, (6). Coordinating technologies. The only disadvantage to this model is it s design to only address internal environments (Weisbord, 1978). An open system organizational development theory and (Burke Litwin) model will be utilized to conduct a diagnosis analysis planned change assessment to the organization. These changes are usually designed to address an organization problem or to help an organization prepare for future. It is the one method of quickly bringing change, which focus on human and social aspects of the organization as a way to improve organization’s ability to adapt and solve problems. The best theory is developed from practice; the best practice should be grounded in theory (Seeger, 2006; Brown, 2011). The Burke Litwin Model hypothesizes’ how performance is affected by internal and external factors. Public sector management occurs within a complex, dynamic system involving stakeholders, coupled with informational and resource material flows and behaviour that is characterized by interactions related to internal and external environments. According to Burke-Litwin’s model, an organization may conduct a change intervention in stages as they relate to a specific focus in two stages â€Å"First order and Second order† changes. If an OD intervention is directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result, it can be considered a first order change, if interventions are directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (Burke Litwin, 1992). The theory of Organizational readiness for change is considered a multi-level, multi-faceted construct. From and organization-level construct, readiness for change refers to organizational members shared resolve to implement a change (change commitment) and shared belief in their collective capability to do so (change efficacy). Organizational readiness for change varies as a function of how much organizational member’s value the change and how favorably they appraise three key determinants of implementation capability: task demands, resource availability, and situational factors. When organizational readiness for change is high, organizational members are more likely to initiate change, exert greater effort, exhibit greater persistence, and display more cooperative behavior (Weiner, 2009). References Bateman, T. S. , Snell, S. A. (2007). Management: Leading collaboratiing in a competitive world (7th ed. . New York, NY: McGraw Hill Irwin. Boland, T. , Fowler, A. (2000). A systems perspective of performance management in public sector management. The International Journal of Public Sector organizations, 13(5), 417-446. doi:10. 1108/09513550010350832 Brown, D. R. (2011). An experiential approach to organization development (8th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Burke, W. W. , Litwin, G. H. (1992). Causal model of organization performance and change’. Journal Management, 18(3), 523-545. doi:10. 1177/014920639201800306 Erwin, D. G. , Garman, A. N. (2010). Resistance to organizational change: Linking research and practice,. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 31(1), 39-56. doi:10. 1108/01437731011010371 Harrison, M. I. , Shirom, A. (1999). Organizational diagnosis and assessment: Bridging theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Kotter, J. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 59-67. Retrieved from http://89. 248. 0. 102/upload/Topplederprogrammet/Kotter. pdf Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. London, England: Harper Row. Orange County Government. 2012, April). Employee Handbook. Fl. Retrieved from http://www. ocfl. net/Portals/0/resourcelibrary/employment-employehandbook. pdf Waterman, R. , Peters, T. J. , Phillips, J. R. (1980). Structure is not organization. Mckinsey Quarterly, 2-20. Retrieved from http://www. tompeters. com/docs/Structure_Is_Not_Organization. pdf Weisbord, M. (1978). Organizational Diagnosis: A Workbook of Theory and Practice. Addison-wesle y. Wiener, B. J. (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implementation Science, 4, 67. doi:10. 1186/1748-5908-4-67 The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations Essay Example The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations Essay The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations JOHN H HANNAH III UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations This paper will examine the particular issues associated with the impact of outsourcing on public sector organization’s performance and employee commitment. As the move to outsourcing is part of a wider phenonom for flexibility in the organizational, structure, development and change paradigms of public sector organizations. This paper begins by examining the problems associated with an outsourcing strategy in public sector organization. Many counties within the US, have chosen to outsource the investment and operation of non-competitive public services, such as water and waste management, public transports, mail services, information and communication technology services, facilities management and road infrastructures. Outsourcing today has become an essential revenue and growth strategy for almost every existing corporation. It creates flexibility in the company, ensuring the maximum utilization of available resources within the company. It also offers corporations cost advantages and help free up their management resources. Orange county government-anywhere USA, requested the services of a Home Land Security Specialist to assist in the collaborative, assessment, development and strategic enhancement of it municipality’s Information Technology (IT) and Critical Facilities’ (CF) upgrades and security. Upon the completion of plan, expectations and deliverables, a series of introductions with Directors, Managers and Supervisors, it was apparent the federal dollars associated with the project was indeed the motive for the invitation. In my initial general assessment and development of a strategy, the organization handbook was the first critical reading which uncovered a mission statement, values, ethical guidelines and the organizational cultural premise. â€Å"The Mayor’s outline the vision, values and mission as simple – to serve. You have an important job to do as we work to meet the needs of our citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We ensure that roads are built and maintained; we protect environmental resources; we respond to crisis and emergency situations; we staff facilities that care for people; and we ensure that the quality of life of our citizens is protected our challenge is to build on the strengths of our diverse community so that everyone can enjoy the very best Orange County has to offer. We are committed to maintaining an organization where citizens are engaged in civic affairs, take ownership in their government and have input in the decision making process†. The following core values serve as our foundation: 1. FAIRNESS, 2. WORK ETHIC 3. INTEGRITY AND CHARACTER 4. EXCELLENCE AND INNOVATION: 5. PROFESSIONALISM AND ACCOUNTABILITY (Orange County Government, 2012) . The role of the Security Specialist in this public sector organization is to examine the particular issues associated with the impact of outsourcing on public sector organization’s performance and employee commitment and develop a strategy to move this organization toward outsourcing initially in the areas of IT and CF. Provide an assessment and evaluation of the organizational readiness for change in the area of outsourcing. This paper begins by examining the problems associated with an outsourcing strategy in public sector organization in the form of an assessment. As public sector moves to outsourcing as part of a wider strategy to increase flexibility in the organizational, structure, development and change paradigms of public sector organization. Outsourcing helps organizations to be focused. Since the most valuable resource within management is time, once a process is successfully outsourced, the management gets more and effective time to explore new revenue streams, time to accelerate other projects and time to focus on customers. Traditionally executives spend 80 percent of their time managing details, and only 20 percent on planning and customer relations, in other words, a successful outsourcing process can help reverse this ratio. Outsourcing can also help companies to have access to new technologies that might not be used in their company. This is mainly because the outsourcers use the latest state-of-the art technologies to serve their private sector clients. And this might also increase the change paradigm shift and rapid migration of these companies to new technology. Outsourcing also helps multi functional areas and department of a public sector providing the benefit of 24-hour operational cycles and providing necessary services to their customer. The ever- growing pressure for increased productivity and profitability of city, county and state governments thus, the pressures to reduce costs and improve productivity are the main factors that influenced the beginning of offshore outsourcing. For example, the main advantages to move production to private contracting of products and services to reduce in-house human resources management cost. Hence, today outsourcing has become an attractive and powerful strategy for companies to reduce cost and improve performance. These models provide theoretical guidelines upon which valid and reliable organizational assessments should be based. All of these models provide value to management and human resource organizational leaders performing organizational assessments based on a internal aspects or a system theory evaluation approach (Erwin Garman, 2010). The McKinsey 7S Framework model is used as a tool to assess and monitor changes in the internal situation of an organization closed system assessment. The model is based on the theory that, for an organization to perform well, these seven elements need to be aligned and mutually reinforcing. So, the model can be used to help identify what needs to be realigned to improve performance, or to maintain alignment (and performance) during other types of change. The basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful evaluation and assessment tool. The Seven Interdependent Elements of the 7s model are Hard elements (strategy, structure and systems) and the Soft Elements (shared values, skills, style and staff) (Waterman, Peters, Phillips, 1980) Burke Litwin Model (The Casual Model of Organizational Performance Change) – The Burke Litwin Model, suggests linkages that hypothesize how performance is affected by internal and external factors. It provides a framework to assess organizational and environmental dimensions that are keys to successful change and it demonstrates how these dimensions should be linked causally to achieve a change in performance. According to Burke-Litwin’s model, an organization may conduct a change intervention in stages as they relate to a specific focus in two stages â€Å"First order and Second order† changes. If an OD intervention is directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result, it can be considered a first order change, if interventions are directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (Burke Litwin, 1992). The Marvin Weisbord-Six-Box Model (Weisbord’s Model) is designed to assess the functioning of organizations based mainly on the techniques and assumptions of the field of organizational development. The model represents a particular way of looking at organizational structure and design. It gives attention to issues such as planning, incentives and rewards, the role of support functions such as personnel, internal competitions among organizational units, standards for remuneration, partnerships, hierarchies and the delegation of authority, organizational control, accountability and performance assessment. The model also follows the basic systems approach to organizational functioning including the well-known inputs and outputs categories. The six-box model is comprised of the following components (boxes): (1). Purposes, (2). Structure, (3) relationships; (4). Rewards, (5). Leadership, (6). Coordinating technologies. The only disadvantage to this model is it s design to only address internal environments (Weisbord, 1978). An open system organizational development theory and (Burke Litwin) model will be utilized to conduct a diagnosis analysis planned change assessment to the organization. These changes are usually designed to address an organization problem or to help an organization prepare for future. It is the one method of quickly bringing change, which focus on human and social aspects of the organization as a way to improve organization’s ability to adapt and solve problems. The best theory is developed from practice; the best practice should be grounded in theory (Seeger, 2006; Brown, 2011). The Burke Litwin Model hypothesizes’ how performance is affected by internal and external factors. Public sector management occurs within a complex, dynamic system involving stakeholders, coupled with informational and resource material flows and behaviour that is characterized by interactions related to internal and external environments. According to Burke-Litwin’s model, an organization may conduct a change intervention in stages as they relate to a specific focus in two stages â€Å"First order and Second order† changes. If an OD intervention is directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result, it can be considered a first order change, if interventions are directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (Burke Litwin, 1992). The theory of Organizational readiness for change is considered a multi-level, multi-faceted construct. From and organization-level construct, readiness for change refers to organizational members shared resolve to implement a change (change commitment) and shared belief in their collective capability to do so (change efficacy). Organizational readiness for change varies as a function of how much organizational member’s value the change and how favorably they appraise three key determinants of implementation capability: task demands, resource availability, and situational factors. When organizational readiness for change is high, organizational members are more likely to initiate change, exert greater effort, exhibit greater persistence, and display more cooperative behavior (Weiner, 2009). References Bateman, T. S. , Snell, S. A. (2007). Management: Leading collaboratiing in a competitive world (7th ed. . New York, NY: McGraw Hill Irwin. Boland, T. , Fowler, A. (2000). A systems perspective of performance management in public sector management. The International Journal of Public Sector organizations, 13(5), 417-446. doi:10. 1108/09513550010350832 Brown, D. R. (2011). An experiential approach to organization development (8th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Burke, W. W. , Litwin, G. H. (1992). Causal model of organization performance and change’. Journal Management, 18(3), 523-545. doi:10. 1177/014920639201800306 Erwin, D. G. , Garman, A. N. (2010). Resistance to organizational change: Linking research and practice,. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 31(1), 39-56. doi:10. 1108/01437731011010371 Harrison, M. I. , Shirom, A. (1999). Organizational diagnosis and assessment: Bridging theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Kotter, J. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 59-67. Retrieved from http://89. 248. 0. 102/upload/Topplederprogrammet/Kotter. pdf Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. London, England: Harper Row. Orange County Government. 2012, April). Employee Handbook. Fl. Retrieved from http://www. ocfl. net/Portals/0/resourcelibrary/employment-employehandbook. pdf Waterman, R. , Peters, T. J. , Phillips, J. R. (1980). Structure is not organization. Mckinsey Quarterly, 2-20. Retrieved from http://www. tompeters. com/docs/Structure_Is_Not_Organization. pdf Weisbord, M. (1978). Organizational Diagnosis: A Workbook of Theory and Practice. Addison-wesle y. Wiener, B. J. (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implementation Science, 4, 67. doi:10. 1186/1748-5908-4-67